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MTU柴油機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)與型號(hào)

2012/7/26 19:45:38

2．為了將得到的熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能,需要通過(guò)曲軸連桿機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)完成。此機(jī)構(gòu)主要由汽缸體、曲軸箱、汽缸蓋、活塞、活塞銷(xiāo)、連桿、曲軸和飛輪等零件構(gòu)成。當(dāng)燃料在燃燒室內(nèi)著火燃燒時(shí),由于燃?xì)獾呐蛎涀饔迷诨钊敳慨a(chǎn)生壓力,推動(dòng)活塞作直線的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),借助連桿轉(zhuǎn)變曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)力矩,使曲軸帶動(dòng)工作機(jī)械(負(fù)荷)作功。

3．對(duì)于一臺(tái)設(shè)備要連續(xù)實(shí)現(xiàn)熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能,還必須配備一套配氣機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)保證定期吸入新鮮空氣,排出燃燒后的廢氣。此機(jī)構(gòu)由進(jìn)氣門(mén)、排氣門(mén)、凸輪軸及驅(qū)動(dòng)零件等組成。

4．為了減少柴油機(jī)的摩擦損失,保證各零部件的正常溫度,柴油機(jī)必須有潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)和冷卻系統(tǒng)。潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)應(yīng)由機(jī)油泵、機(jī)油濾清器和潤(rùn)滑油道組成。MTU柴油機(jī)|MTU柴油機(jī)型號(hào)|MTU柴油機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)與型號(hào)資料|MTU柴油機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)與型號(hào)維修技術(shù)|MTU柴油機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)與型號(hào)維修服務(wù)商冷卻系統(tǒng)血由水泵、散熱器、節(jié)溫器、風(fēng)扇和水套等部件組成。

5．為了使柴油機(jī)能迅速啟動(dòng),還需配置啟動(dòng)裝置,對(duì)柴油機(jī)啟動(dòng)進(jìn)行控制。根據(jù)不同的啟動(dòng)方法,啟動(dòng)裝置配備的零部件,通常采用電動(dòng)馬達(dá)或氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)啟動(dòng),對(duì)于大功率的機(jī)組,則采用壓縮空氣啟動(dòng)。

柴油機(jī)總體結(jié)構(gòu)一般包括上述幾大系統(tǒng),但由于汽缸數(shù)、汽缸排列方式和冷卻方式的不同,因此,各種機(jī)型在結(jié)構(gòu)上略有差異。MTU柴油機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),如下圖所示。

MTU發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)命名規(guī)則：(以16V2000系列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)為例來(lái)說(shuō)明)

16V 2000 G22TD、16V 2000 G62TD、16V 2000 G22TB、16V 2000 G62TB型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)名稱(chēng)符號(hào)的含義：

16 = 氣缸數(shù)

V = V型

2000 = 每缸排量,單位cm³

G = 陸用發(fā)電動(dòng)力

2+6 = 應(yīng)用段,頻率50赫茲

2 = 設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)志

TD = 空氣/空氣增壓空氣冷卻

TB = 外部增壓空氣冷卻

16V 2000 G42TD、16V 2000 G82TD、16V 2000 G42TB、16V 2000 G82TB型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)名稱(chēng)符號(hào)的含義：

16 = 氣缸數(shù)

V = V 型

2000 = 每缸排量,單位cm³

G = 陸用發(fā)電動(dòng)力

4+8 = 應(yīng)用范圍,頻率60 赫茲

2 = 設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)志

TD = 空氣/空氣增壓空氣冷卻

TB = 外部增壓空氣冷卻

第三節(jié) 柴油機(jī)的常用名詞

工作循環(huán)

內(nèi)燃機(jī)中熱能與機(jī)械能的轉(zhuǎn)化,是通過(guò)活塞在汽缸內(nèi)工作,連續(xù)進(jìn)行進(jìn)氣、壓縮、做功、排氣四個(gè)過(guò)程來(lái)完成的。機(jī)器每進(jìn)行這樣一個(gè)過(guò)程稱(chēng)為一個(gè)工作循環(huán)。在內(nèi)燃機(jī)的一每個(gè)工作循環(huán)中,活塞在氣缸中作上下往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)二次,曲軸(飛輪)旋轉(zhuǎn)2周。

上止點(diǎn)和下止點(diǎn)

柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí),活塞在氣缸中作上下往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),活塞所在的最高處和最低處即為上止點(diǎn)和下止點(diǎn)。

活塞沖程

上、下止點(diǎn)之間的最小直線距離,稱(chēng)為柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的沖程。曲軸與連桿大端的連接中心到曲軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)中心之間的最小直線距離稱(chēng)為曲柄的旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑。

工作容積

活塞從上止點(diǎn)到下止點(diǎn)所掃過(guò)的汽缸容積,稱(chēng)為柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作容積(或稱(chēng)活塞排量)。

壓縮比

活塞處于下止點(diǎn)時(shí)氣缸的容積,與活塞處于上止點(diǎn)時(shí)氣缸的容積之比,稱(chēng)為柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壓縮比。

壓縮比越大。表明活塞運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),氣體被壓縮得越厲害,其氣體的溫度和壓力就越高,內(nèi)燃機(jī)的效率也越高。

The overall structure of MTU diesel engines and model naming conventions

The diesel engine is the power equipment of thermal energy into mechanical energy, which consists of the following basic components:

The overall structure
A. First of all want to get the heat, which must provide a certain amount of fuel sent to the combustion chamber mixes well with air combustion to produce heat, therefore, there must be a fuel system. It consists of a diesel fuel tank, fuel pump, diesel fuel filter, fuel pump and injector components.
Two. To will get heat into mechanical energy, need to crank linkage. This body of the cylinder block, crankcase, cylinder heads, pistons, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft and flywheel and other parts. Pressure, due to the expansion of the role of gas when the fuel ignited in the combustion chamber in the piston top and push the piston reciprocating motion in a straight line with the rod to change the crankshaft rotation torque to the crankshaft for power driven machinery (load).
3. For a device to continuously achieve the thermal energy into mechanical energy, must be equipped with a valve train to ensure regular inhale fresh air and discharge exhaust gas after combustion. This body from the intake valve, exhaust valve, camshaft and drive parts.
4. To ensure that all parts of the normal temperature in order to reduce the friction loss of the diesel engine, diesel engine lubrication system and cooling system. The lubrication system should be the oil pump, oil filters and lubricants Road. The cooling system of blood from the water pump, radiator, thermostat, fan and water jacket components.
5 In order to make the diesel engine to quickly start, need to configure the boot device, the engine start control. Start, start the device with the components, usually an electric motor or pneumatic motor start for high-power units, the use of compressed air to start.
Diesel engine overall structure generally includes the large-scale system, but because of the different number of cylinders, cylinder arrangement, and the cooling method, therefore, a variety of models in the structure slightly different. The basic structure of MTU diesel engines, as shown below.

MTU Engine Model naming convention: (16V2000 series engines as an example to illustrate)

16V 2000 G22TD, 16V 2000 G62TD, 16V 2000 G22TB, 16V 2000 G62TB type of engine the name of the symbol's meaning:
16 = Number of cylinders
V = V type
2000 = per cylinder displacement, units of cm3
G = Lu with power generation power
26 = application segment, frequency 50 Hz
2 = logo design
TD = Air / air charge air cooling
TB = external pressurized air cooling
16V 2000 G42TD, 16V 2000 G82TD, 16V 2000 G42TB, 16V 2000 G82TB type of engine the name of the symbol's meaning:
16 = Number of cylinders
V = V type
2000 = per cylinder displacement, units of cm3
G = Lu with power generation power
48 = range of applications, frequency 60 Hz
2 = logo design
TD = Air / air charge air cooling
TB = external pressurized air cooling

Section III diesel engine common noun

Duty cycle
Heat and mechanical energy conversion in the internal combustion engine, the piston in the cylinder, continuous intake, compression, acting, exhaust the four processes. Machine for every such a process is called a cycle of work. In each work cycle internal combustion engine, the piston in the cylinder up and down reciprocating motion of the secondary, crankshaft (flywheel) rotation two weeks.

Top dead center and bottom dead center
The diesel engine, the piston in the cylinder up and down reciprocating motion to the piston where the highest point and the minimum is the only point and the next stop point.

Piston stroke
The minimum straight-line distance between the bottom dead point, known as the diesel engine stroke. Crankshaft and connecting rod big end of the connection center to the minimum straight-line distance between the center of rotation of the crankshaft as the rotation radius of the crank.

Working volume
Piston from top dead center to the next stop point of the swept cylinder volume, referred to as the working volume of the diesel engine (or piston displacement).

Compression ratio
Piston at bottom dead center of the volume of the cylinder, and piston in the cylinder volume ratio of top dead center, known as the diesel engine's compression ratio.
Compression ratio increases. Show that the piston, the gas is compressed the more severe, the higher the temperature and pressure of the gas, the higher the efficiency of internal combustion engines.