進口發動機QSX15執行器故障容易導致缸蓋活塞開裂

美國康明斯進口發動機QSX15為工業用全電控發動機，性能優良，節能效果明顯；但使用中一定要注意保證燃油質量，注意觀察發動機煙色，聽發動機異常聲響；應為采取的燃油執行器和正時執行器是提供燃油的關鍵部件，出現磨損等故障不易檢查和發覺，沒有直接故障代碼指示，往往是造成惡性故障而容易忽視的環節。

  

COMMINS-QSX15 QSK23 QSK45 QSK60 QSK78系列發動機ECM技術使用手冊

cummins 柴油機配件

ecm是柴油機的哪部分

qsx15康明斯發動機的怎樣用電腦軟件查看故障歷史

電噴發動機踩下油門就熄火  電噴的發電機是什么 原理

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東風汽車康明斯電噴系統圖

第I節 - Quantum診斷

先進的診斷技術

先進的診斷技術可對Quantum發動機進行簡單的維修和服務。故障或保養條件的診斷檢驗可通過機載或非機載系統進行。

機載診斷

ECM具有大范圍檢測故障的能力

閃爍故障代碼

位于駕駛室儀表盤上的故障指示燈可指示警告/停機故障

保養指示燈

機載診斷

故障檢測

在設備自己工作期間，當鑰匙開關處于ON位置時檢測故障。如果此時故障變為現行故障（當前檢測到），存儲器中就會記錄故障，同時記錄發動機參數速錄數據。另外根據現行故障的嚴重程度，特定的故障可能會使警告指示燈（黃色）或停機指示燈（紅色）、保養指示燈或燃油含水（WIF）指示燈變亮。

閃爍故障代碼

可通過診斷開關或油門踏板進入故障代碼閃爍模式。要進入故障代碼閃爍模式，鑰匙開關必須處于ON（接通）位置并且發動機停機。使用診斷開關進入該模式時，在診斷開關轉到ON位置后，ECM將自動閃爍第一個故障代碼。診斷增加/減少將向前或向后調整現行故障代碼。要使用油門踏板進入故障代碼閃爍模式，必須循環踩下和釋放油門踏板，使油門開度連續3次從0到100%。一旦進入診斷模式，循環踩下和釋放油門踏板可順序向前達到現行故障代碼。下圖描述了通過停機指示燈指示的故障代碼閃爍方式的類型。

故障指示燈

Quantum系統使用多達5個指示燈（每個指示燈具有兩種功能）：停機指示燈、警告指示燈、保養指示燈/發動機保護指示燈（所有發動機系列使用其中一個，而不是同時使用兩個）、等待起動指示燈和燃油含水指示燈。如果鑰匙開關轉到ON位置而診斷開關保持斷開，這些指示燈將會亮約2秒鐘然后熄滅，以證實指示燈正常工作和接線正確。參閱下面的插圖，這些指示燈全部變亮然后每次熄滅一個。

警告指示燈 – 用于所有Quantum發動機 - 警告指示燈提供重要的操作員信息。要求操作員及時注意這些信息。  警告指示燈還用于描述診斷故障代碼。

停機指示燈 – 用于所有Quantum發動機 - 停機指示燈提供緊急的操作員信息。這些信息要求操作者快速響應并采取正確措施。停機指示燈還用于閃爍診斷故障代碼。

發動機保護指示燈 – 用于QSK19/45/60, QST30發動機 - 當存在發動機保護故障時，發動機保護指示燈將變亮。可通過OEM配線配置系統，以便用紅色/停機指示燈指示發動機保護故障。這是通過將紅色指示燈連接至ECM的紅色/停機指示燈輸入和發動機保護指示燈輸入來實現的。如果發動機保護指示燈信號用于控制其它功能，如車輛驅動電路，該電路中必須接入一個二極管。

選裝 - 2指示燈布置方案- 用于QSK19/45/60發動機 - 選裝的2-燈布置方案將取消發動機保護（白色）指示燈。因此，操作員儀表盤上只有一個警告指示燈（黃色）和一個停機指示燈（紅色）。所有通過發動機保護指示燈指示的故障將通過停機（紅色）指示燈來指示。這種改進只會影響故障指示燈的線路布置，不會影響軟件或標定程序。參閱下面的線路圖。

第II節 - ECM串行通信

Quantum串行通信

本文件的目的是提供設備與Quantum控制器串行通信接口應用類型有關的信息。本文件的內容分為兩大類。

第一類適用于制造設備的OEM，因此對他們來講，數據通信接口的安裝是關心的問題。此類內容提供了電纜、連接器信息以及列出了經過康明斯測試與Quantum控制器兼容的數據通信裝置。第二類收集了OEM和設計與Quantum控制器相連的數據通信接口的部件供應商使用的信息。這類信息詳細描述了與信息支持、參數特征、網絡應用和診斷有關的內容。

導言

數據通信接口使得設備上的電子裝置彼此相互連接。有些典型功能共享傳感器數據，共享計算信息，允許子系統（如發動機、變速箱等）之間的工作相互影響，子系統工作狀態通信。數據通信接口還可提供機載或非機載診斷工作模式。

Quantum控制器具有兩個獨立的串行通信端口。一個端口用于訪問SAE J1939并與J1939-11兼容，另一個端口用于SAE J1587并與J1708兼容。Quantum控制器不支持SAE J1922。

SAE J1939數據通信裝置是一種高速網絡，用于在250K 波特下工作的設備。它能夠支持控制、信息共享、診斷、多路傳輸和專有通信。J1939（物理層）數據通信采用微分線路驅動器電路，允許最長的總線長度為40米。在給定的時間內，網絡最多可提供30個節點連接。

SAE J1587是在9600波特的速度下工作的J1708基線網絡。它支持信息共享、診斷和專有通信。在給定的時間內，網絡最多可提供20個節點連接。

當設備鑰匙開關轉到ON（接通）位置時，Quantum控制器上的J1939/J1587數據通信接口同時起作用。

適用的SAE文件

本文件與下面列出的SAE技術規范含有提供Quantum通信接口（J1939和J1587）與設備應用類型相連的信息。

SAE 1939		推薦用于串行控制和通信網絡的常例（1997年4月）。它提供一個計劃的J1939-xx文件列表，還提供有關網絡的全套文件和基本操作的簡單指導。
SAE J1939-11		物理層（1997年3月）。在250Kb/秒的速度下工作，線性總線帶有屏蔽雙絞線回路。
SAE J1939-12		物理層（工作草案為ISO 11783 中的第2部分，1997年5月）。在250Kb/秒的速度下工作，線性總線帶有四芯絞線。
SAE J1939-13		非機載診斷連接器（1997年1月），指定9-針Deutsch連接器為J1939, J1587和二級CAN網絡提供工具、無開關電源和接地連接。
SAE J1939-21		數據通信層（1998年7月），指定CAN 2.0b作為使用的信息協議，同時還定義了J1939應用層的接口。
SAE J1939-71		車輛應用層（1996年5月和97年1月的附錄），定義了傳輸參數值解釋規則，允許接收裝置確定發送裝置能否提供與參數據組有關的所有參數，任何參數是否存在錯誤狀態，或信號是否有效。
SAE J1939-73		診斷應用層（1998年10月）- 診斷。定義在J1939布置方案上執行診斷需要的容量，以確定發生故障的子系統最少可維修的特性，如何發生故障，讀取和清除診斷故障代碼，診斷指示燈狀態的通信，以及提供維修工具監測的多種參數。
SAE J1939-81		網絡管理 （1996年11月）
SAE J1587		（1996年3月和97年1月的附錄） - 重型設備應用類型微機系統之間的連接SAE/TMC電子數據交換。定義信息和數據的格式以及用于傳輸頻率和環境信息的指導方針。
SAE J1708		物理層（1993年10月）- 重型設備應用類型微機系統之間的串行數據通信。

適用的康明斯文件

可在下列康明斯技術標準和文件中找到數據通信接口的其他信息：

接口技術規范：1377-9804 - 輸入和輸出的J1939多路傳輸。為通過J1939數據通信接口而不是通過分離的導線（巡航控制開關輸入，指示燈輸出等）提供給發動機或由發動機提供的信息提供信號處理要求。

AEB 15.44 Quantum安裝建議文件

J1939安裝信息

本節提供了在設備上安裝J1939數據通信接口需要的信息。請參考AEB 15.44 - Quantum安裝建議中的詳細信息。

用于QSM11和QSX15的強制性EA（數據通信接口）選裝件

不適用于QSK 19

J1939

為在發動機上安裝J1939數據通信接口，理解電纜布線和連接器的要求是很重要的。下一節提供了電纜布線和連接器的詳細信息。還提供了某些供應商的信息，以便采購電纜和連接器。

3.  電纜布線

主干線束 - 一種最大長度為40米（約131英尺）的線性總線。在給定的時間內可連接至主干網的最大節點數（電子控制器）為30。注意，B和B MATE（配合件）（2按鍵型）是主干線束和終端連接器按鍵，B為插座，B MATE為插頭。

為了與J1939-11一致，主干線束為帶加蔽線的屏蔽雙絞線，并在每個網絡終端都需要被動終端電阻。J1939-11布局典型用于汽車/公路應用類型。請參考圖1。

為了與J1939-12一致，主干線束是帶加蔽線的四芯絞線，并在網絡的每端都需要主動終端和偏置電路。物理層使得J1939-11無須屏蔽。物理層還采用收發機電路設計，允許J1939-11節點在同一網絡中作為J1939-12節點存在。

短線 - 主干線束與每個節點（電子控制器）的連接稱為短線，最長為1米（約3.3英尺）。請參考圖1。

屏蔽 - 電氣連接的屏蔽是通過節點（電子控制器）的總線連接點和主總線的內部連線處的加蔽線來實現的。還應注意屏蔽只能在蓄電池負極的一處接地。盡管屏蔽不能覆蓋線性總線或短線連接器（閱讀下節中的詳細信息）的連接部位，它仍與下段屏蔽電纜建立電氣連接，并提供充分的覆蓋，以提供必要的電磁兼容性（EMC）。

連接

發動機連接 - Quantum控制器可通過稱為短線連接器的3-針未屏蔽連接器與主干線束相連。這在圖1中ECU1連接到主干線束的方法中表示出來。圖1中還表示出短線連接器有一個特殊鍵（1類鍵），在圖中表示為A和A MATE，其中A MATE 是另一半配合件。對于圖1中有關ECU 1所示的連接類型，三根觸針中的一根將用來穿過短線連接器的配合件（A MATE）與加蔽線相連，以便保持屏蔽的電氣導通性。另外兩個SAE J1939支持的連接電子控制器與主干線束的觸針在圖X中顯示出來。應當注意，ECU 2的連接提供最佳的外殼EMC改進（例如最短的短線）。

注：制作主干線束時，OEM必須提供發動機J1939維修接頭。

診斷連接 - 診斷連接器是9針Deutsch連接器，為J1939、二級CAN網絡提供工具（用于農業/工程機械應用類型）、無開關電源和接地連接。來自主干線束的診斷連接器允許的最大距離為2/3米（0.67米）。診斷連接器與連接診斷連接器的工具接口電路之間最大允許的距離為另外的1/3米（0.33米）。

對于汽車/卡車工業，SAE推薦的連接器位置處于駕駛室中的操作員側，并在操作員側接地。對于J1587的6-針連接器安裝，推薦使用Deutsch HD10-6-12P連接器。對于J1939和J1587的9-針連接器安裝，建議使用Deutsch HD10-9-1939P連接器 - 請參考AEB 15.10的4.0節中更為詳細的信息。

穿墻式連接器（Bulkhead Connection） - J1939數據通信接口可穿過OEM穿墻式連接器。為降低電噪聲對數據通信接口的影響，建議不要把導線置于具有極高電流負荷或開關電流的電路附近。建議安裝者在所有繼電器上設計回程二極管，防止出現系統噪音問題。

5. J1939電纜和連接器供應商

J1939兼容連接器和電纜現在由許多本地和本國經銷商提供。

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The first section I - Quantum diagnosis

The diagnosis of advanced technology

Advanced diagnostic technology for Quantum engine for simple maintenance and service. The diagnostic test condition of failure or maintenance may be done by airborne or airborne systems.

On-board diagnosis

The ECM has a wide range of detection fault

Scintillation fault code

Located in the cab can be indicates a warning/fault indicator light on the dashboard outage

Maintenance indicator

On-board diagnosis

Fault detection

During his work, when the key switch in the ON position detection fault. If the failure into the current failure detected (current), will record the fault memory, at the same time record the engine parameters SuLu data. Additionally according to the severity of the fault current, a specific failure could cause the warning light (yellow) or stop the indicator light (red), maintenance indicator or fuel oil water cut (WIF) light is brighter.

Scintillation fault code

Through diagnosis into fault code flashing mode switch or the accelerator pedal. To enter the flashing mode, fault code key switch must be in the ON (ON) position and engine stop. Use diagnostic switch into the model, after the diagnostic switch to ON position, the ECM will automatically blink the first failure code. Diagnosis of increase/decrease will forward or backward to adjust the current fault code. To use the accelerator pedal into the flashing mode, fault code must be on the and release the accelerator pedal, the throttle opening for three times from 0 to 100%. Once in the diagnostic mode, cycle on the and release the accelerator pedal can be forward to the current fault code sequence. Below described by flashing way down light indication of error code type.

Malfunction indicator lamp

Led light for Quantum system to use as many as five (each indicator has two functions) : stop lights, warning lights, led light for maintenance/engine protection indicator (all series using one of the engine, rather than using two) at the same time, waiting for starting lights and light fuel oil water cut. If you turn the key switch to the ON position and diagnosis switches are disconnected, the indicator will be ON about 2 seconds and then go out, to confirm the indicator light work normally and connection are correct. Refer to the illustration below, all these lights brighten then out each time.

Warning lights - for all Quantum engine warning light is operator to provide important information. Ask the operator to pay attention to the information in a timely manner. Warning lamp is also used to describe diagnostic fault codes.

Stop - stop lamp lights - for all Quantum engine operator providing emergency information. This information requires the operator to quickly response and take right measures. Stop lights twinkle is also used to diagnose fault code.

Engine protection indicator light - for QSK19/45/60, QST30 engine failure - when there are engine protection, engine protection indicator light will brighten. Through OEM wiring configuration system, in order to use red/downtime fault indicator lamp indicates engine protection. This is done through the red light is connected to the ECM red/stop light is input and the engine protection indicator light input. If engine protection indicator light signal is used to control other functions, such as vehicle driving circuit, the circuit must be connected to a diode.

Options - 2 light layout for QSK19/45/60 engine - 2 - lamp layout options will cancel (white) light engine protection. Therefore, operator dashboard is only one warning light (yellow) and a stop light (red). All through the engine protection indicator light failure will be instructed by outage (red) lights. This improvement will only affect the failure lamp circuit layout, software or calibration procedures would not be affected. Refer to the circuit diagram below.

Section II - the ECM serial communication

Quantum serial communication

The purpose of this document is to provide equipment related to Quantum controller serial communication interface application type information. The contents of this file is divided into two broad categories.

First class is suitable for the manufacturing equipment OEM, so for them, the installation of the data communication interface is the most concern. Such content provides information on cable, connector and lists the after test and Quantum controller compatible with cummins data communication device. The second collection of OEM and connected to a Quantum controller design of data communication interface component suppliers of the use of information. This kind of information are described in detail and information support, parameter characteristics, network diagnosis application and related content.

The introduction

Data communication interface makes the equipment on the electronic devices connected to each other. Calculations for some typical functions share the sensor data, share information, allow subsystem (such as engine, transmission, etc.) between the work influence each other, communication subsystem work state. Data communication interface can also be provided onboard or onboard diagnostic work mode.

Quantum controller has two independent serial communication port. One port is used to access the SAE J1939 and compatible with J1939-11, another port used to SAE J1587 and compatible with J1708. SAE J1922 Quantum controller does not support.

The SAE J1939 data communication device is a kind of high-speed network, devices for work under 250 k potter. It can support control, information sharing, diagnosis, multiplexing and proper communication. J1939 (physical layer) data communication adopts differential line driver circuit, to allow the longest bus length of 40 meters. In a given period of time, the network can provide up to 30 nodes connection.

SAE J1587 is working under 9600 baud speed J1708 baseline network. It supports sharing information, diagnosis, and proper communication. In a given period of time, the network can provide up to 20 node connection.

When the device when the key switch to the ON (ON) position, Quantum J1939 / J1587 data communication interface ON the controller at the same time.

Apply the SAE documents

This document and the SAE specification listed below contains Quantum communication interface (J1939 and J1587) connected to the equipment application type information.

The SAE 1939 recommended for serial control and communications networks now (April 1997). It provides a plan of the J1939 -xx file list, also provide a full set of documents on network and the basic operation of the simple instructions.

The SAE J1939-11 (March 1997). The physical Work under a speed of 250 KB/SEC, a linear bus with shielded twisted-pair cable circuits.

The SAE J1939-12 (the physical working draft for part 2 of ISO 11783, May 1997). Work under a speed of 250 KB/SEC, a linear bus with four core stranded wire.

SAE J1939-13 and onboard diagnostic connector (January 1997), specify the 9 - needle Deutsch connector for J1939, J1587 and secondary CAN provide network tools, a switching power supply and grounding connection.

The SAE J1939-21 data communication layer (July 1998), designated CAN 2.0 b as use information protocol, it also defines the J1939 application layer interface.

SAE J1939 application layer - 71 vehicle (May 1996 and January 97 appendix), defines the transmission parameter values to explain rules and allows the receiving device to determine the sending device can provide all the parameters related to the parameter according to the group, whether there is any parameter error status, or signal is valid.

The SAE J1939 application layer - 73 diagnosis (October 1998) - diagnosis. Defined in J1939 capacity needed to implement diagnosis on arranging scheme, in order to determine subsystems of the failure of a minimum of maintenance features, how to malfunction, read and clear fault code diagnosis, diagnostic indicator status of communication, and provide maintenance tool monitoring a variety of parameters.

The SAE J1939-81 network management (November 1996)

SAE J1587 (March 1996 and in January 97, appendix) - heavy equipment application type microcomputer system, the connection between the SAE/TMC electronic data interchange. Define the format of the information and data as well as guidelines for transmission frequency and environmental information.

The SAE J1708 (October 1993) - heavy equipment to the physical serial data communication between application type microcomputer system.

The applicable cummins files

Can be found in the following cummins technical standards and documents data communication interface of the other information:

Technical interface specification: 1377-9804 - J1939 multiplexing of input and output. By J1939 data communication interface rather than through the separation of the conductor (the cruise control switch input, light output, etc.) provided to the engine or information provided by the engine to provide signal processing requirements.

AEB Quantum 15.44 installation proposal file

J1939 installation information

This section provides the equipment installing J1939 data need communication interface information. Please refer to the AEB 15.44 - Quantum advice details of the installation.

Used for QSM11 QSX15 and mandatory EA (data communication interface) options

Does not apply to QSK 19

J1939

For installing J1939 data communication interface on the engine, the understanding of the requirements of a cable wiring and connector is very important. The next section provides details of cable wiring and connectors. Also provides some supplier information, in order to purchase cable and connector.

3. The cable wiring

Main beam - a maximum length of 40 meters (131 feet) of a linear bus. In a given period of time can be connected to the backbone of the small points (electronic controller) to 30. Note that B and B MATE (cooperate) button (2) is the main beam and terminal connector key, B for socket, B MATE for the plug.

To agree with J1939-11, main beam for the drain wire is shielded twisted-pair cable, and need passive resistor in each network terminal. J1939-11 typical layout for car/highway application type. Please refer to figure 1.

In order to agree with J1939-12, main beam are four core stranded wire with a drain line, and each side need to take the initiative to end of the network and bias circuit. Make the physical J1939-11 without blocking. Also used to send and receive the physical mechanical and road design, allowing the J1939-11 nodes in the same network as J1939-12 nodes.

Short term - main beam connection with each node (electronic controller) referred to as the short term, up to 1 meter (3.3 feet). Please refer to figure 1.

Shield - electrical connection screen through the node (electronic controller) bus connection point and the main bus internal connection of the drain line. Should also pay attention to the block can only be a grounding in the anode of the battery. Although shielding fails to cover a linear bus or short connector (read the details in the section below) connection parts, it is still with the period of shielded cable electrical connections, and provide the fully covered, to provide the necessary electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

connection

Engine connection - Quantum controller can be called a short 3 - pin connector is not shielded connector connected to the main beam. ECU1 this in figure 1 is connected to the main beam of the method. Figure 1 also said in the short term the connector has A special keys (class 1), in the figure is expressed as A and A MATE, A MATE is the other half of mating parts. For 1 as shown in figure 1 in the ECU of connection types, three contact pin of A will be used to through the short line connector mating parts are connected to the drain line (A MATE), in order to keep the shielding electrical connectivity. Two other SAE J1939 support the connection of the electronic controller and the main beam of the contact pin shown in the figure X. It should be noted that the ECU 2 connection provides the best EMC improvement (such as the shortest short term).

Note: production of main beam, the OEM must provide engine J1939 repair joints.

Diagnostic connection - Deutsch connector, the connector is 9 needle for J1939, secondary CAN network tools (used for agricultural/engineering machinery application type), a switching power supply and grounding connection. From the main beam diagnostic connector allows maximum distance is 2/3 meters (0.67 m). Diagnostic connector and connect the connector of the maximum allowable distance between tool interface circuit for another one-third meters (0.33 m).

For car/truck industry, the SAE recommended connector position operator in the cab side, and on the operator side of the earth. For J1587 6 - pin connector installation, it is recommended to use Deutsch HD10-6-12 p connector. For J1939 and J1587-9 pin connector installed, it is recommended to use Deutsch HD10-9-1939 p connector - please refer to the AEB 15.10 more details in section 4.0.

Wear a wall connector (Bulkhead Connection) - J1939 data communication interface can be worn through the OEM wall type connector. To reduce the electrical noise influence on data communication interface, suggest don't put the conductor is placed in the high current load near or switch electric current of the circuit. Recommended installers design on all relay backhaul diode, prevent system noise problems.

5. J1939 cable and connector suppliers

J1939 compatible connector and cable is provided by many local and domestic dealers now.